Nā huahana

L-Ascorbic Acid, Calcium Ascorbate, Magnesium Ascorbate, Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate, Sodium Ascorbate, a me Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate ka hana i loko o nā mea hoʻonaninani ma mua o nā antioxidants.Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Ascorbic Acid i ka Vitamin C. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Ascorbic Acid ma ke ʻano he antioxidant a me ka pH adjuster i nā ʻano hana hoʻonaninani nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 3/4 o ia mau mea he lauoho lauoho a me nā kala ma ka pae ma waena o 0.3% a me 0.6%.No nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe, ua haʻahaʻa loa nā manaʻo i hōʻike ʻia (<0.01%) a i ʻole ma ka pae 5% a 10%.Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Calcium Ascorbate a me Magnesium Ascorbate ma ke ʻano he antioxidants a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻili - ʻokoʻa no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i kēia manawa.Hana ʻia ʻo Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate ma ke ʻano he antioxidant i nā huahana cosmetic a hoʻohana ʻia ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana mai 0.01% a 3%.Hoʻohana ʻia ka Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate ma ke ʻano he antioxidant i nā mea hoʻonaninani a ua hōʻike ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia ma nā ʻano mai 0.001% a 3%.Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka Sodium Ascorbate ma ke ʻano he antioxidant i nā mea hoʻonaninani ma nā ʻano mai 0.0003% a i 0.3%.ʻO nā mea e pili ana (Ascorbyl Palmitate, Ascorbyl Dipalmitate, Ascorbyl Stearate, Erythorbic Acid, a me Sodium Erythorbate) ua loiloi mua ʻia e ka Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel a ua ʻike ʻia "he palekana no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani i nā hana maikaʻi o kēia manawa. hoʻohana."ʻO ka ʻakika Ascorbic kahi mea i ʻike maʻamau ʻia ma ke ʻano he mea palekana (GRAS) no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mea mālama kemika i nā meaʻai a ma ke ʻano he meaʻai a / a i ʻole ka meaʻai.Hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻia ka Calcium Ascorbate a me Sodium Ascorbate e like me nā mea GRAS no ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he mālama kemika.ʻO ka L-Ascorbic Acid ka hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i L-dehydroascorbic acid a aia nā ʻano ʻelua i ke kaulike i loko o ke kino.He 3.43 +/- 0.74 microg/cm(2)/h a me 33.2 +/- 5.2 microg/cm(2)/h ka helu permeation o Ascorbic Acid ma o ka ʻili ʻiole holoʻokoʻa.ʻO nā haʻawina waha waha a me ka makua i nā ʻiole, nā ʻiole, nā lapeti, nā puaʻa guinea, nā ʻīlio, a me nā pōpoki i hōʻike ʻia i ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻona.Ua hana ʻo Ascorbic Acid a me Sodium Ascorbate ma ke ʻano he inhibitor nitrosation i kekahi mau haʻawina meaʻai a me nā huahana cosmetic.ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona lapaʻau pili pūhui a i ʻole nā ​​hopena pathological nui a microscopic paha i nā ʻiole, nā ʻiole, a me nā puaʻa guinea i nā haʻawina pōkole.Ua hānai ʻia nā puaʻa kane i ka meaʻai maʻamau a hāʻawi ʻia i ka 250 mg Ascorbic Acid ma ka waha no nā pule he 20 he hemoglobin like, glucose koko, hao hao, hao ate, a me nā pae glycogen ate i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā waiwai hoʻomalu.Ua hānai ʻia nā ʻiole kāne a me nā wahine F344/N a me nā ʻiole B6C3F(1) i nā meaʻai i loaʻa i ka 100,000 ppm Ascorbic Acid no nā pule he 13 me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻona.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hānai ʻana i ka Ascorbic Acid i nā hopena ʻawaʻawa ma nā ʻano ma luna o 25 mg/kg ke kaumaha o ke kino (bw) i nā ʻiole a me nā puaʻa guinea.ʻO nā pūʻulu o nā ʻiole kāne a me nā ʻiole wahine i hāʻawi ʻia i kēlā me kēia lā a hiki i ka 2000 mg/kg bw Ascorbic Acid no 2 mau makahiki ʻaʻohe mea ʻona ʻona a i ʻole microscopically ʻike ʻia.ʻO nā ʻiole i hāʻawi ʻia i ka Ascorbic Acid subcutaneous a intravenous i kēlā me kēia lā (500 a 1000 mg/kg bw) no nā lā 7 ʻaʻohe loli i ka ʻai, ka piʻi ʻana o ke kaumaha, a me nā ʻano maʻamau;a ʻo ka nānā ʻana i ka histological o nā kino like ʻole i hōʻike ʻia ʻaʻohe loli.ʻO ka ʻakika Ascorbic kahi pale paʻi kiʻi ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻiole a me ka ʻili puaʻa ma mua o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana i ka radiation ultraviolet (UV).Ua ʻike pū ʻia ka pale ʻana o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o UV i ka hypersensitivity contact.ʻO ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka Magnesium Ascorbyl Phosphate ma hope koke o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i nā ʻiole lauoho ʻole i lohi nui i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka ʻili a me ka hyperplasia i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka ʻike mau ʻana i ka radiation UV.Hāʻawi ʻia nā ʻiole hāpai a me nā ʻiole i kēlā me kēia lā o ka Ascorbic Acid a hiki i ka 1000 mg/kg bw me ka ʻole o nā hōʻailona o nā mea ʻawaʻawa, teratogenic, a me nā hopena fetotoxic.ʻAʻole i genotoxic ka Ascorbic Acid a me Sodium Ascorbate i kekahi mau ʻōnaehana hoʻāʻo bacterial a mammalian, e kūlike me nā waiwai antioxidant o kēia mau kemika.Ma ke alo o kekahi mau ʻōnaehana enzyme a i ʻole ion metala, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻike o ka genotoxicity.Ua alakaʻi ka National Toxicology Program (NTP) i 2 makahiki oral carcinogenesis bioassay o Ascorbic Acid (25,000 a me 50,000 ppm) i nā ʻiole F344/N a me nā ʻiole B6C3F(1).ʻAʻole i make ka ʻakika Ascorbic i kēlā me kēia kāne o nā ʻiole a me nā ʻiole.Ua hōʻike ʻia ka pale ʻana i ka carcinogenesis a me ka ulu ʻana o ka maʻi e pili ana i nā waiwai antioxidant o Ascorbic Acid.Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Sodium Ascorbate e hāpai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi urinary i nā haʻawina carcinogenesis ʻelua.ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Dermal Acid Ascorbic i nā poʻe maʻi me ka radiation dermatitis a me nā mea puhi ahi ʻaʻohe hopena ʻino.ʻO ka ʻakika Ascorbic he mea pale paʻi kiʻi i nā noiʻi UV kanaka ma ke ʻano he ʻoi aku ma mua o ka liʻiliʻi erythema dose (MED).ʻAʻole i hoʻoulu ʻia kahi ʻaila opaque i loaʻa ka 5% Ascorbic Acid i ka ʻike ʻana o ka dermal i 103 mau kānaka.ʻO kahi huahana i loaʻa i ka 10% Ascorbic Acid ʻaʻole ia he mea hōʻeha i loko o kahi hōʻike pākuʻi minicumulative 4-lā ma ka ʻili o ke kanaka a ʻo kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa maka i loaʻa ka 10% Ascorbic Acid ʻaʻole ia he contact sensitizer i kahi hoʻonui hoʻonui ma 26 kanaka.Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ʻano a me ka hana o kēia mau mea, manaʻo ka Panel e hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻikepili ma kahi mea hoʻokahi i nā mea āpau.Ua hōʻike ka Papa Manaʻo i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka Ascorbic Acid he genotoxic i loko o kēia mau ʻōnaehana hoʻāʻo ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kemika ʻē aʻe, e laʻa, metala, a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻōnaehana enzyme, e hoʻololi pono i ka hana antioxidant a Ascorbic Acid i kahi pro-oxidant.Ke hana ʻo Ascorbic Acid ma ke ʻano he antioxidant, ua hoʻoholo ka Panel ʻaʻole genotoxic ka ʻakika Ascorbic.ʻO ke kākoʻo ʻana i kēia manaʻo ʻo ia nā haʻawina carcinogenicity i mālama ʻia e ka NTP, ʻaʻole i hōʻike i ka hōʻike o ka carcinogenicity.Ua ʻike ʻia ka ʻakika Ascorbic e kāohi pono i ka hua nitrosamine i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻāʻo.Ua nānā ka Panel i nā haʻawina i hana ʻia ai ka Sodium Ascorbate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻolale koko i nā holoholona.Ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau hopena e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ion sodium a me ka pH o ka mimi i nā holoholona hoʻāʻo.Ua ʻike ʻia nā hopena like me ka sodium bicarbonate.Ma muli o ka hopohopo e hui pū kekahi mau ʻiona metala me kēia mau mea e hana ai i ka hana pro-oxidant, ua ʻōlelo ka Panel i nā mea hoʻopuka e hōʻoia i ka hana ʻana o kēia mau mea he antioxidants i nā mea hoʻonaninani.Ua manaʻo ka Panel ʻo ka ʻike lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia ai ka Ascorbic Acid i ka ʻili i hōʻino ʻia me ka ʻole o nā hopena ʻino a me ka hoʻāʻo hou-insult patch test (RIPT) me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka 5% Ascorbic Acid me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole e kākoʻo i ka ʻike ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kēia pūʻulu meaʻai. pilikia o ka ili ili.ʻO kēia mau ʻikepili i hui pū ʻia me ka loaʻa ʻole o nā hōʻike i loko o ka palapala lapaʻau o ka Ascorbic Acid sensitization kākoʻo ikaika i ka palekana o kēia mau mea.